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Bonding metals to poly(methyl methacrylate) using aryldiazonium salts

XPS (model: K-alpha) application in the research of Dental Materials
MIAM | 28 Feb 2015

Bonding metals to poly(methyl methacrylate) using aryldiazonium salts

Research Published at Journal of Dental Materials Volume 31, Issue 2, February 2015, Pages 105-114

Authors: Omar Alageel a,b, Mohamed-Nur Abdallaha, Zhong Yuan Luoc, Jaime Del-Rio-Highsmithd, MartaCerrutic,∗, FalehTamimia,∗∗

  • a Faculty of Dentistry, McGillUniversity, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • b College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • c Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGillUniversity, Montreal,QC,Canada
  • d Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Method

The chemical composition and chemical state (bond) of the treated surfaces was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

XPS research fig 1

Fig. 6. Schematic showing the reaction sequence performed in first (primer) and second (adhesive) steps. (a) diazotisation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in an acidic solution; (b) formation of aryl radicals by reducing aryldiazonium ions using iron powder; (c) attachment of aryl radicals to the metallic surfaces; (d) growing of polyaminophenylene layer (PAP) multilayer; (e) reduction of amino groups of the PAP layer to radicals; (f) binding of MMA to the activated PAP layer; (g) polymerizing PMMA with benzoyl peroxide.

Samples

Schematic showing the reaction sequence performed in first (primer) and second (adhesive) steps. (a) diazotisation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in an acidic solution; (b) formation of aryl radicals by reducing aryldiazonium ions using iron powder; (c) attachment of aryl radicals to the metallic surfaces; (d) growing of polyaminophenylene layer (PAP) multilayer; (e) reduction of amino groups of the PAP layer to radicals; (f) binding of MMA to the activated PAP layer; (g) polymerizing PMMA with benzoyl peroxide.

XPS research fig 2

(a)XPS general surveys and (b) elemental compositions of Ti surface for different groups.

(c)Highresolution C1s spectra on Ti surfaces for different groups; and (d) peaks concentrations from high resolution C1s spectra. See Table2 for * what the groups are. * indicates significant difference between the different groups (p < 0.05).

Results:

  • Survey scans showed element %: C, N, O, and Ti as well as the changes in different samples.
  • The high resolution C1a spectra showed the components relative to C-C/C-H group (centered at 285.0 eV), C-O and C-N groups (centered at 286.4 eV), and carboxyl groups O-C=O (centered at 288.8 eV); and their proportion changes of these groups in different samples.

 

Significance

Diazonium chemistry is an effective technique for achieving a strong chemical bond between alloys and PMMA, which can help improve the mechanical properties of dental devices.

 

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