Study procedures

Questionnaires

You will be asked questions regarding your background, general health, physical activity, and dietary habits.

Blood draw

Your blood will be tested for complete blood count, tests of liver, kidney and thyroid gland function, lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), serology (hepatitis and HIV) and diabetes (glycated hemoglobin).

Urine sample

To test for normal kidney function.

Chest X-ray

To check the health of your heart and lungs.

Electrocardiogram

To check your heart function.

Physical exam

A full medical history and examination by our Study Physician.

Oral glucose tolerance test

To test your body's response to consuming sugar. It is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes. 

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

To assess your body composition (muscle, fat, and bone).

Insulin sensitivity test

To test your body’s sensitivity to insulin. 

Resting energy expenditure

This procedure calculates what your body is using as a “fuel” or energy source. 

Fat biopsy

To determine the effect of dairy on gene expression and metabolite levels in adipose tissue a small amount of fat will be sampled from your thigh.