Thoracic aortic aneurysm is often asymptomatic making them difficult to detect.
Some aneurysms may be small and stay small, although many expand over time until a catastrophic event happens.
As a thoracic aneurysm grows, some people may feel:
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Tenderness or pain in the chest or back pain
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Pain in the jaw, neck and upper back
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Hoarseness
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Cough
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Shortness of breath
What is the Cause?
There are multiple factors that contribute to development of Thoracic aneurysm.
Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the artery)
Over time, excess plaque of cholesterol will build up in your artery wall, making the aorta to become stiff and weak. The risk of developing arteriosclerosis increases with smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol level and overweight.
Genetic conditions
Mostly seen in younger people. People who are born with a genetic condition such as Marfan syndrome, Elhers-Danlos, Loeys-Dietz, Turner Syndrome and other Family related disorder are more at risk to develop aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. Those genetic conditions affect the connective tissue in the body which may promote the weakness of the aorta wall.
Also, recent research indicate aneurysm have a family patterns or are inherited from previous generations. It is important to report to your doctor any family history of aneurysm to ensure the best preventing screening are done.
Presence of bicuspid valve
People who has aortic valve with two cusps instead of three, are more at risk to have aortic dilatation.
Untreated infection
Extremely rare, but untreated syphilis and salmonella can cause aneurysm.
Inflammation disease
Condition like Giant cell arthritis and Takayasu arthritis may cause aneurysm.
Traumatic injury
People who are injured during fall or car accident may develop an aneurysm.