CONCLUSIONS: Direct and indirect evidence of C. burnetii or Bartonella sp. infections was observed in persistent fever cases. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the burden of these diseases in LMICs.

We report a rare case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis presenting radiologically as acute appendicitis in an immunocompetent 71-year-old man known for ulcerative colitis. Although initial imaging revealed acute appendicitis, a lack of clinical improvement with antibiotic therapy prompted further evaluation with colonoscopy, which led to the diagnosis of CMV colitis on a background of mild ulcerative colitis flare. Most individuals infected by CMV will exhibit lifelong latency; however, the virus...

Urbanization affects environmental exposures and lifestyle, shaping immune system variation and influencing disease susceptibility and vaccine responses. Here, we present systems analysis of immune profiles across the rural-urban gradient, comparing rural and urban Senegalese with urban Dutch individuals. By integrating single-cell phenotyping, metabolic profiling, and functional analysis, we reveal a trajectory of immune remodeling along the gradient. This includes enrichment of proinflammatory...

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CONCLUSION: The PILGRIM score effectively identifies newly hospitalized patients likely to receive antibiotics, demonstrating high specificity and PPV. Its application can improve future AMS programs and trial recruitment by facilitating targeted inclusion of patients, especially in the hematological and oncological setting. Further -external and prospective- validation is needed to broaden the model's applicability.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that both disk diffusion and to a greater extent the AST-N391 card for the VITEK 2 system will overcall non-susceptibility according to current CLSI breakpoints for ciprofloxacin. By contrast, the existing AST-N391 VITEK 2 card can likely be used to correctly infer susceptibility to gentamicin and tobramycin.

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CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity in clinical guidance was evident, although with noticeable overlap at least for chronic schistosomiasis. This confirms the need to formalise case definitions, which should be used to design trials to rigorously assess diagnostic tools and treatment schemes, and eventually come to harmonisation of clinical management guidance.

CONCLUSIONS: Oseltamivir significantly reduces mortality risk in older adults hospitalized with influenza, even when administered after 48 hours, independent of vaccination status. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01517191.

Composed of an elaborate ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa residing in the human digestive tract, the gut microbiome influences metabolism, immune modulation, bile acid homeostasis and host defence. Through observational and preclinical data, the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of chronic diseases ranging from psychiatric to gastrointestinal in nature. Until recently, the lack of unequivocal evidence supporting a causal link between gut...

Infection by the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, places a substantial burden on the global agri-food industry and poses a significant threat to human health in endemic regions. Widespread resistance to a limited arsenal of chemotherapeutics, including the frontline flukicide triclabendazole (TCBZ), renders F. hepatica control unsustainable and accentuates the need for novel therapeutic target discovery. A key facet of F. hepatica biology is a population of specialised stem cells which drive...

Klebsiella pneumoniae sensu stricto (KpI) is an opportunistic pathogen capable of residing as a commensal in both human and bovine intestinal tracts and can cause serious systemic infections in humans and severe clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. It is unclear what role zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission play in the dissemination of KpI. In this study, we use a comparative genomic approach to identify differences between KpI associated with disease in humans and cattle and aimed to identify...

MOTIVATION: Missing values are prevalent in high-throughput measurements due to various experimental or analytical reasons. Imputation, the process of replacing missing values in a dataset with estimated values, plays an important role in multivariate and machine learning analyses. The three missingness patterns, including missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random, describe unique dependencies between the missing and observed data. The optimal imputation method...