Spiky Surprises: The Chemistry of Spines and Quills
Table of Contents Abstract Many organisms possess an internal defense mechanism, intrinsic properties, and behaviors adapted for their survival. Spines…
Biomineralization in Mollusks and Brachiopods
Table of Contents Abstract The beauty of shells hides an elaborate interrelationship of structures that provides a protective layer against environmental…
A Comparison of Keratin Use in Pangolin, Reptile, and Bird Scales
Table of Contents Abstract Skin, a keratin-based tissue, is the largest organ in humans. This essay examines the molecular structural function of keratins…
A Biochemical Review of Exoskeletal and Muscular Pincer Components and Biomimetic Applications
Table of Contents Abstract Pincers, or chelae, are a highly advantageous biological tool possessed by many arthropods. The chelae are useful and necessary…
Jaws: Terrific yet Terrifying
Table of Contents Abstract Jaws are an amazing system as they can contribute to many aspects of life such as eating, defence, locomotion, etc. Each…
The Biomolecular Applications of Animal Horns
Ovis canadensis (“Bighorn Sheep,” 2022) Table of Contents Abstract Chemistry is the basis of life. Behind every thought, feeling, movement, or biological…
From Fetus to Fossil: A Microscopic Analysis of the Chemistry of the Hoof Throughout the Stages of Life
Table of Contents Abstract Hooves are morphologically complex structures among ungulates that support body weight and provide traction to assist their…
The Metabolic and Regulatory Roles of Adipose Tissue in Organisms
Table of Contents Abstract Fats are one of the most versatile molecules in mammals, fulfilling countless metabolic and non-metabolic roles. Metabolism of…
Investigation into Claw Keratin and Applications within Felines and Venomous Species
Table of Contents Abstract Through this essay’s analysis, the chemistry of keratin unveils its versatility as the main building block for animal hair…