1. About this guide
What's in this guide?
American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is widely used in management and the social sciences. This guide gives APA citation style examples for selected management research sources at McGill, with a focus on online resources.
2. Citing sources in the text of your assignment
With page numbers (print or online)
To cite a source in the text of your report, indicate the last name of the author/s, or if there is no author the first few words of the document title (in quotation marks), then the year of publication, and then the page, chapter, figure or table numbers (if applicable).
Ex: (Halachmi, 2005, p. 315) (Griffiths & Lyle, 2005, p. A.24) (Smith et al., 1997, p. 151) (Savard, 2001; Daniel, 2005) (Ipsos-Reid, 2001) (“Largest DVD Markets,” 2006)
Without page numbers
Indicate the last name of the author/s or if there is no author the first few words of the document title (in quotation marks), then the year of publication, then cite the nearest heading and the number of the paragraphs following, preceded by the paragraph symbol or the abbreviation para.
Ex: (Euromonitor, 2007, Prospects section, para. 1) (Morales, 2007, ¶2)
Two or more works, same author, same year
To differentiate between two or more works by the same author in the same year assign letter suffixes to the publication year, both in text and in the corresponding reference list entries.
Ex: (Datamonitor, 2007b, p. 14) (Datamonitor, 2007a, p. 5)
see also
- APA Formatting and Style Guide from Purdue University
- APA Publication Manual
3. Citing sources in your reference list
How to format your reference list
Placement: Start the reference list on a new page, after the body of the assignment.
Title: Type the word References at the top of the page and centered
Order: Order entries by last name of author or, if no author, first word of title (excluding A, An, The, etc.)
Spacing: Double-space all entries
Indentation: The first line of each entry should be left aligned, subsequent lines are indented
see also
- APA Formatting and Style Guide from Purdue University
- APA Publication Manual
Two or more works, same author, same year
To differentiate between two or more works by the same author in the same year, assign letter suffixes to the publication year.
Datamonitor. (2007a, February). Gaz Métropolitain: Company profile. Retrieved from Datamonitor 360 database.
Datamonitor. (2007b, March). Global energy: Industry profile. Retrieved from Datamonitor 360 database.
Annual reports/company filings
From a company website
Microsoft Corp. (2006). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.microsoft.com/msft/reports/ar06/
From SEDAR
Canadian Tire Corporation Ltd. (2007, January 19). Form 51-102F3 – Material change report. Retrieved from SEDAR.
From Mergent Online
Weyerhaeuser Co., Ltd. (2004, December 26). Annual report. Retrieved from Mergent Online database.
Legal Materials
Legal materials can be formatted using the APA style; however, it is recommended that legal materials such as case law, regulations, policies, etc. are cited using a legal citation style guides, including the Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (Canadian) and The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (US). For more information, ask a librarian.
Articles
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle if applicable. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), start page - end page.
Database restricted to McGill users, e.g. ABI/Inform (ProQuest), Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Factiva, etc.
*Changes to the APA style guide mean that you are no longer required to state which database an article was retrieved from (unless it would be difficult to locate the item otherwise). Cite as if it were a regular print journal article. *
Halachmi, A. (2005). Governance and risk management: Challenges and public productivity. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 18(4), 300-317.
Chou, Y., Lee, C., & Chung, J. (2004). Understanding m-commerce payment systems through the analytic hierarchy process. Journal of Business Research, 57(12), 1423-1430.
Griffiths , R. & Lyle, G. (2005, December 22). Why young people don't vote. National Post, p. A.24.
Online magazine/journal/newspaper, without DOI
Chase, K. (2007, March 26). Confessions of a PVR user. Marketing Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.marketingmag.ca/magazine/current/feature/article.jsp?content=...
Aschkenase, S. & Hedge L. (2010). What healthy companies can learn from distressed companies. Ivey Business Journal, 74(2). Retrieved from http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/
Morales, S. (2007, February 28). A greying population: What does it mean for Canada? Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/seniors/
Online magazine/journal/newspaper, with DOI
Leeflang, S.P.H. &Wittnik, D.R. (2000). Building models for marketing decisions: Past, present and future. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 17(2-3), 105-126. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8116(00)00008-2
- see also: Web sites
Bloomberg
Bloomberg L.P. (2006). Stock price graph for Bombardier 10/1/06 to 12/1/06.from Bloomberg database.
Books
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (Xth ed.). Location: Publisher.
Kelloway, E.K., Barling, J., & Hurrell, J.J. Jr. (2006). Handbook of workplace violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
McCraw, T.K. (Ed.). (1988). The essential Alfred Chandler: Essays toward a historical theory of big business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
eBook
Fitz-enz, J. (2000). The ROI of human capital: Measuring the economic value of employee performance. Retrieved from NetLibrary database.
Book chapter
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. start page of chapter – end page of chapter). Location: Publisher.
Stoleson, M. (2006). The World Bank: Buy, sell, or hold? In N. Birdsall (Ed.). Rescuing the World Bank (pp. 195 – 201). Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development.
Corporate Affiliations
LexisNexis. (2007) Centerpoint Data, LLC. Retrieved from Corporate Affiliations database.
Datastream
Datastream International. Constituents of the S&P 500. Retrieved from Datastream database.
EIU
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2006, March). Country commerce: Kenya. Retrieved from Economist Intelligence Unit database.
eMarketer
eMarketer. (2006, April 18). Worldwide e-book revenues, 2004 & 2005 (millions and % increase versus prior year). Retrieved from eMarketer database.
Verna, P. (2007, April). Video game advertising: Getting to the next level. Retrieved from eMarketer database.
Factiva
- see: Articles
Reuters. (2007). Google Inc company snapshot. Retrieved from Factiva database.
Reuters Investor. (2007). Daily prices comparison chart for Google and NASDAQ 1/17/07 to 4/17/07. Retrieved from Factiva database.
FP Advisor
FPInfomart.ca. (2007, March 17). Biotechnology industry report. Retrieved from FP Advisor database.
Hoover's Company Records
Colbert, C. (2007, March 15). LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA. Retrieved from Hoover’s Company Records database.
Datamonitor 360
Datamonitor. (2007, March). Global energy: Industry profile. Retrieved from Datamonitor 360 database.
Market Share Reporter
Print format
Largest DVD markets worldwide, 2004. (2006). In R. S. Lazich (Ed.), Market Share Reporter 2007 (Vol. 2, p. 784). Detroit, MI: Thomson Gale.
Electronic format
Largest high-speed ISPs in Canada. (2003). Market Share Reporter (13th ed.). Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database.
Mergent Online
Mergent. (2006). Amazon.com Inc. Retrieved from Mergent Online database.
Mergent WebReports
Mergent. (2006, June). The North America retailing sectors. Retrieved from Mergent WebReports database.
NetAdvantage
Standard and Poor's. (2007, March 31). Verizon Communications Inc. Standard & Poor's Stock Reports. Retrieved from NetAdvantage database.
Milton, D. (2006, October 26). Restaurants. Standard & Poor's Industry Surveys. Retrieved from NetAdvantage database.
Passport GMID
Euromonitor. (2007, February 26). Cat food – Canada. Retrieved from Passport GMID.
PMB
Print Measurement Bureau. (2006). Whether have a mortage (Table 28). PMB 2006 Category Reports: Total Canada. Retrieved from PMB database.
Web sites
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication or n.d. if not dated). Title of document.
Bullfrog Power. (n.d.). Clean power. Retrieved from http://www.bullfrogpower.com/clean/clean.cfm
Ipsos-Reid. (2001, November). National camping study. Retrieved from http://www.ccamping.org/study/index.php
Morales, S. (2007, February 28). A greying population: What does it mean for Canada? Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/seniors/
McGill University. (2006, August 22). Administrative microcomputer policies and guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.mcgill.ca/adminhandbook/